The pigeon Wing in focus

Not ignoring pedigree / gene pool etc
 
matching the wing by its complimentary differences to find a balance in everything. One cannot ignore the size, length, weight and body capacity of the pigeon.

Although written in some detail this is not a complete study.
 
1.     
One third 2/3 wing structure (extended primary ratio, small back wing) vs less
such structure (focus of larger floating area in the middle of the wing, more ideal for Scmdpr to ride the wind when the pigeon tires)

2.     
More louvered vs less louvered.

3.     
Little Louvered vs much louvers.

4.     
Extra Louvered between all primaries (open wing) vs no louvers (close wing)

5.     
Extra louver is often found from primaries 6-10 while primaries 1-5 is close. Very good one-day birds amongst them, but must have some umbrella.

6.     
Will use Secondaries that Louvre’s a little but Avoid using when louver much

7.     
Umbrella vs flat wing – do not match 2 flat wings for One-day lofts competition.

8.     
Extended spanning of the wing (not referring to long wings, but any wing length), -   is possible when the wing joint at the shoulder and the connection at the hand swings a little further, think of a door that opens more than necessary – it produces full use of the surface area of the wing - its said that the wing runs - it is more notable in flatter wings

9.     
The focus point of the spanned wing should be at the tip of the first primary. – despite the presence of a step-up or not – the spanned wing in a straight line at the wing tips place the focus point at all wingtips and burden the workload of the outer 4 primaries. – that is why the primaries curve upwards during prolonged flight – more so in flat wings with little louver – although most flat wings will turn upwards at the tips during prolonged flight that is why a little umbrella / a little louver and rounding above the shoulder joint is needed.

10. 
A Rounded curve of any degree at and along the top area of the shoulder joint produces lift, because the airflow moves faster over the wing to catch with the airflow beneath the wing. – Its better found in umbrella wings – mating such wings with a flat wing restores the balance both ways.

11. 
Extra umbrella wings do not have speed  and less so when they louver well in
most primaries, because they need thick air of a headwind the put the airflow to good use, whereas flat closed wing type excels in a tail wind.

12. 
Some curving away of outside 4 primaries vs less curve

13. 
Shorter 10th Primary vs 8-10th outer primaries more equal in length.

14. 
A shorter 10th primary is not a disqualification.

15. 
Some step-up up to Primary vs no step.

16. 
Never mate 2 wings both with extended step-ups to the primaries but successful where little step-up existed on both partners of a match.

17. 
Step down to secondaries is a disqualification. (so called Sparrow wing)

18. 
Don’t match two flat long wings as a rule. They produce a slower working action.

19. 
Sharpened wing tips (the English/ Scottish trait) vs rounder wing tips (the Belgium trait)

20. 
Narrow wing flights of the outer primaries vs broader flights

21. 
Some to an extended gap between the secondaries and primaries is not a disqualification, but I try not to mate them to each other as the gap can become too large.

22. 
It’s not a must to have an extended closure of the secondaries over the 1st
primary flight - despite the fact that it appeared in good pigeons it’s rather a
family trait.

23. 
Shorter arm vs longer arm

24. 
Extra – shot arm vs long arm

25. 
Long arms produce too long arms.

26. 
Arm bone with some embalming muscle extending from the greater pectorals vs less muscle – good if there is some flesh on the wing

27. 
Coverage of the secondaries over the back needs not to be extended – many fanciers open the wing wrong to study the coverage anyway.

28. 
Zero coverage of the secondaries over the back is not a disqualification if the wing-body-connection is perfect.

29. 
If the wing-body-connection is very wrong I do not use the pigeon. Follow the natural movement, pull and stretch of the wing and angle it sways when opened a little and slowly extended – the muscle contraction – positioning of the bones and ligaments must function in harmony to produce the proper use of airflow and stay in flight with ease – and compliment the aerodynamic contours of the body.

30. 
Think of the wing-body-connection of various aircrafts and harmony of its wing designs and positioning.

31. 
it’s an intensive study mastered by experience and perfected by patience only.